Bird stamps from Czechoslovakia.

Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

From 1939 to 1945, following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate. On 29 June 1945, a treaty was signed between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, ceding Carpatho-Ukraine to the USSR.

From 1948 to 1990 Czechoslovakia was part of the communist Warsaw Pact and had a command or planned economy. A period of political liberalization in 1968, known as the Prague Spring, was forcibly ended when several other Warsaw Pact countries invaded. In 1989, as communism was ending all over Europe, Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution; socialist price controls were removed after a period of preparation. A few years afterwards, in 1993 the country was separated into two sovereign states, again peacefully.

Coat_of_arms_of_the_Czech_and_Slovak_Federal_Republic
    1918–1938: A democratic republic.
    1938–1939: After annexation of Sudetenland by Germany in 1938, the region gradually turned into a state with loosened connections among the Czech, Slovak, and Ruthenian parts. A large strip of southern Slovakia and Carpatho-Ukraine was annexed by Hungary, and the Zaolzie region was annexed by Poland.
    1939–1945: The region split into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the Slovak Republic. A government-in-exile continued to exist in London, supported by the United Kingdom, United States and its Allies; after the German invasion of Russia, it was also recognised by the USSR. Czechoslovakia adhered to the Declaration by United Nations and was a founding member of the United Nations.
    1946–1948: The country was governed by a coalition government with communist ministers, including the prime minister and the minister of interior. Carpathian Ruthenia was ceded to the USSR.
    1948–1989: The country became a communist state with a centrally planned economy. In 1960, the country officially became a socialist republic.
    1969–1990: The federal republic consisted of the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic.
    1990–1992: The federal democratic republic consisted of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic.

Turkey used this as a pretext to invade the northern portion of the island. Turkish forces remained after a cease-fire, resulting in the partition of the island; an objective of Turkey since 1955.
The intercommunal violence and subsequent Turkish invasion led to the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots,and the establishment of a separate Turkish Cypriots political entity in the north. These events and the resulting political situation are matters of ongoing dispute.
The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas.
However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts; the area under the effective control of the Republic, comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the Turkish-controlled area in the north, calling itself the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and recognised only by Turkey, covering about 36% of the island's area. The international community considers the northern part of the island as occupied territory of the Republic of Cyprus by Turkish forces.
Cyprus is a major tourist destination in the Mediterranean. An advanced, high-income economy with a very high Human Development Index, the Republic of Cyprus was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement until it joined the European Union on 1 May 2004.
On 1 January 2008, the Republic of Cyprus joined the Eurozone.

Face value | Family number | English name | Scientific name

1938.01
  25.01.1938
  Sokol

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus

50h
    105
    Peregrine Falcon    Falco peregrinus

1k
    105
    Peregrine Falcon    Falco peregrinus
    = 50h

1954.01
  10.12.1954
  Czechoslovak architecture
  3v set

Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus

30h
    65
    Black-headed Gull    Chroicocephalus ridibundus

3k
    65
    Black-headed Gull    Chroicocephalus ridibundus

1955.01
  28.03.1955
  Cities, airmail
  5v set

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus

80h
    185
    Barn Swallow    Hirundo rustica

2.35k
    105
    Common Kestrel    Falco tinnunculus

1955.02
  08.08.1955
  Animals and insects
  5v set

Grey Partridge Perdix perdix

35h
    14
    Grey Partridge    Perdix perdix

1959.01
  16.11.1959
  Birds

Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis

20h
    104
    Great Spotted Woodpecker    Dendrocopos major

30h
    179
    Eurasian Blue Tit    Cyanistes caeruleus

40h
    212
    Eurasian Nuthatch    Sitta europaea

60h
    159
    Eurasian Golden Oriole    Oriolus oriolus

80h
    232
    European Goldfinch    Carduelis carduelis

1k
    232
    Eurasian Bullfinch    Pyrrhula pyrrhula

1.20k
    88
    Common Kingfisher    Alcedo atthis

1960.01
  24.10.1960
  Water birds

Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Greylag Goose Anser anser Mallard Anas platyrhynchos

25h
    26
    Black-crowned Night Heron    Nycticorax nycticorax

30h
    21
    Great Crested Grebe    Podiceps cristatus

40h
    57
    Northern Lapwing    Vanellus vanellus

60h
    26
    Grey Heron    Ardea cinerea

1k
    9
    Greylag Goose    Anser anser

1.60k
    9
    Mallard    Anas platyrhynchos

1964.01
  10.07.1964
  Red Cross congress

Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus

60h
    65
    Black-headed Gull    Chroicocephalus ridibundus

1964.02
  16.11.1964
  Birds

Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus European Green Woodpecker Picus viridis Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius European Robin Erithacus rubecula European Roller Coracias garrulus

30h
    219
    Common Redstart    Phoenicurus phoenicurus

60h
    104
    European Green Woodpecker    Picus viridis

80h
    232
    Hawfinch    Coccothraustes coccothraustes

1k
    104
    Black Woodpecker    Dryocopus martius

1.20k
    219
    European Robin    Erithacus rubecula

1.60k
    86
    European Roller    Coracias garrulus

1965.01
  20.06.1965
  Dogs
  6v set

Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus

60h
    14
    Common Pheasant    Phasianus colchicus

1965.02
  20.09.1965
  Mountain birds

Eurasian Dotterel Charadrius morinellus Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus Spotted Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes

30h
    57
    Eurasian Dotterel    Charadrius morinellus

60h
    213
    Wallcreeper    Tichodroma muraria

1.20k
    232
    Common Redpoll    Acanthis flammea

1.40k
    37
    Golden Eagle    Aquila chrysaetos

1.60k
    218
    Ring Ouzel    Turdus torquatus

2k
    163
    Spotted Nutcracker    Nucifraga caryocatactes

1966.01
  08.12.1966
  Art
  5v set

Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus

1k
    74
    Snowy Owl    Bubo scandiacus

1967.01
  20.02.1967
  Water birds

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Eurasian Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta Black Stork Ciconia nigra Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula

30h
    63
    Black-tailed Godwit    Limosa limosa

40h
    9
    Northern Shoveler    Anas clypeata

60h
    26
    Purple Heron    Ardea purpurea

80h
    180
    Eurasian Penduline Tit    Remiz pendulinus

1k
    56
    Pied Avocet    Recurvirostra avosetta

1.40k
    24
    Black Stork    Ciconia nigra

1.60k
    9
    Tufted Duck    Aythya fuligula

1971.01
  17.08.1971
  World hunting exhibition
  6v set

Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus

20h
    14
    Common Pheasant    Phasianus colchicus

1972.01
  15.12.1972
  Songbirds

Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Eurasian Magpie Pica pica Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Song Thrush Turdus philomelos

60h
    72
    Common Cuckoo    Cuculus canorus

80h
    72
    Common Cuckoo    Cuculus canorus

1k
    163
    Eurasian Magpie    Pica pica

1.60k
    232
    Eurasian Bullfinch    Pyrrhula pyrrhula

2k
    232
    European Goldfinch    Carduelis carduelis

3k
    218
    Song Thrush    Turdus philomelos

1974.01
  21.02.1974
  Czechoslovak graphic art
  4v set

Common Blackbird Turdus merula

1.60k
    218
    Common Blackbird    Turdus merula

1976.01
  03.11.1976
  Dvurkralove wildlife park
  6v set

Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

20h
    26
    Western Cattle Egret    Bubulcus ibis

1977.01
  09.09.1977
  Children's book illustrators
  5v set

Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

2k
    22
    Greater Flamingo    Phoenicopterus roseus

3k
    185
    Barn Swallow    Hirundo rustica

1983.01
  28.04.1983
  Nature protection
  6v set

Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra Grey Heron Ardea cinerea

2k
    232
    Red Crossbill    Loxia curvirostra

3.60k
    26
    Grey Heron    Ardea cinerea

1985.01
  18.12.1985
  Stamp day

Grey Heron Ardea cinerea

1k
    26
    Grey Heron    Ardea cinerea

1986.01
  18.09.1986
  Owls

Eurasian Eagle-Owl Bubo bubo Long-eared Owl Asio otus Tawny Owl Strix aluco Western Barn Owl Tyto alba Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus

50h
    74
    Eurasian Eagle-Owl    Bubo bubo

2k
    74
    Long-eared Owl    Asio otus

3k
    74
    Tawny Owl    Strix aluco

4k
    73
    Western Barn Owl    Tyto alba

5k
    74
    Short-eared Owl    Asio flammeus

1989.01
  17.07.1989
  Endangered species

White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla

1k
    37
    White-tailed Eagle    Haliaeetus albicilla

1989.02
  18.12.1989
  Stamp day, stamp on stamp
  1938.01

Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus

1k
    105
    Peregrine Falcon    Falco peregrinus

1991.01
  20.05.1991
  Antarctic treaty

Chinstrap Penguin Pygoscelis antarcticus

8k
    16
    Chinstrap Penguin    Pygoscelis antarcticus

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