Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a member state of the European Union located in Western Europe. It is a federal parliamentary republic divided into sixteen states (Bundesländer), with its capital and largest city, Berlin.
With over 84 million inhabitants, it is the most populous state in the European Union, the most populous in Europe after Russia, and the 19th most populous in the world. Bordered by the North Sea to the northwest and the Baltic Sea to the northeast, it borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west.
Germany covers an area of 357,578 km² and is characterized by an Atlantic climate in the northwest and a continental climate in the southeast. It is the second largest immigrant country in the world after the United States.
The region now known as Germany was inhabited by various Germanic peoples, known and documented as early as 100 BC. From the 10th century onwards, these German territories contributed to the central part of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted in various forms until 1806.
During the 16th century, northern Germany became the center of the Protestant Reformation. As a modern nation-state, the country was unified in 1871 after the Franco-Prussian War.
Europe's leading economic power, the third largest in the world after the United States and China, it is the third-largest economy in terms of nominal GDP and the fifth-largest in terms of purchasing power parity. It is a member of the UN, NATO, the European Union, the G7, and the G4, and is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol.
It is the third-largest exporter and importer in the world after China and the United States. In absolute terms, Germany allocates the second-largest annual budget for international development aid, while its military spending ranks it seventh. The country has developed a high standard of living and holds a key position in European affairs, as well as a multitude of close global partnerships. Germany is recognized as a leader in various fields of science and technology.
Face value | Family number | English name | Scientific name
1991.01
04.06.1991
Birds
60p
49
Ruff Calidris pugnax
80p
52
Little Tern Sternula albifrons
100p
8
Brant Goose Branta bernicla
140p
78
White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla
1996.01
18.07.1996
National parks
Sheet
200p
32
Common Crane Grus grus
300p
8
Taiga Bean Goose Anser fabalis
1998.01
08.10.1998
Humanitarian relief funds
100p
78
Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus
110p
199
Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola
110p
23
Great Bustard Otis tarda
110p
8
Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca
220p
167
Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator
2004.01
07.04.2004
Endangered species
55c
64
White Stork Ciconia ciconia
2008.01
10.04.2008
Seebach bird protection 100 years
45c
78
Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus
and
80
Little Owl Athene noctua
and
80
Eurasian Eagle-Owl Bubo bubo
and
217
Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes
and
240
Eurasian Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs
and
227
Bluethroat Luscinia svecica
and
184
Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus
and
184
Great Tit Parus major
2009.01
04.06.2009
Eifel national park
220c
64
Black Stork Ciconia nigra
MS
2010.01
02.01.2010
Nature-museum of Berlin
45c
93
Red-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornis amictus
and
80
Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops
2011.01
03.03.2011
The four elements
4v set
55c
52
Common Gull Larus canus
2011.02
11.08.2011
Archaeopteryx
55c
0
Archaeopteryx Archaeopteryx lithografica
2013.01
08.08.2013
Songbirds
58c+27c
240
European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis
90c+40c
240
Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula
145c+55c
184
Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus
2014.01
06.02.2014
Odertal
2v set
60c
64
White Stork Ciconia ciconia
2014.02
04.12.2014
Treasures from German museums
145c
8
Mute Swan Cygnus olor
2016.01
01.03.2016
Animal children
2v set
70c
8
Greylag Goose Anser anser
2016.02
01.03.2016
Animal children
Booklet, sa
2016.01
70c
8
Greylag Goose Anser anser
2017.01
02.01.2017
Treasures from German museums
2v set
70c
32
Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo
and
98
White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus
and
32
Black Crowned Crane Balearica pavonina
2017.02
02.01.2017
Treasures from German museums
2v set, sa
2017.01
70c
32
Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo
and
98
White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus
and
32
Black Crowned Crane Balearica pavonina
2017.03
08.06.2017
Heinz Sielmann
45c
8
Snow Goose Anser caerulescens
2017.04
08.06.2017
Heinz Sielmann
sa
2017.03
45c
8
Snow Goose Anser caerulescens
2018.01
12.07.2018
Dessau-Woerlitz
2v set
0.45€
8
Mute Swan Cygnus olor
2018.02
12.07.2018
Dessau-Woerlitz
Booklet, sa
2018.01
0.45€
8
Mute Swan Cygnus olor
2019.01
02.05.2019
Europa
70c
243
Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella
2022.01
02.06.2022
Antarctica, environmental protection
85c+40c
59
Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri
Philately has been considered as an "auxiliary science of history" because it is based on the general principles of other sciences, which in turn contribute to enrich it. It acquires knowledge of the sciences, of the arts, of languages and opens an immense road of social relations through all countries. This science broadens broad horizons of culture, discovers artistic temperaments and offers the interest of the new and the unknown, while performing a positive therapeutic wor.
