Bird stamps from China.

China is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion.

The PRC is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China with its seat of government in the capital city of Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau).

The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War.

Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, China is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest by total area, depending on the definition of total area. China's landscape is vast and diverse, with forest steppes and the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts occupying the arid north and northwest near Mongolia and Central Asia, and subtropical forests prevalent in the wetter south near Southeast Asia. The terrain of western China is rugged and elevated, with the Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges separating China from South and Central Asia. The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the third- and sixth-longest in the world, have their sources in the Tibetan Plateau and continue to the densely populated eastern seaboard. China's coastline along the Pacific Ocean is 14,500 kilometres (9,000 mi) long and is bounded by the Bohai, Yellow, East and South China Seas.

The nation of China has had numerous historical incarnations. The ancient Chinese civilization—one of the world's earliest—flourished in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain.

China's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, known as dynasties, beginning with the semi-mythological Xia of the Yellow River basin (approx. 2000 BC) and ending with the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911.

Since 221 BC, when the Qin Dynasty first conquered several states to form a Chinese empire, the country has expanded, fractured and been reformed numerous times. The Republic of China, founded in 1911 after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty, ruled the Chinese mainland until 1949.

In 1945, the ROC acquired Taiwan from the Empire of Japan following World War II. In the 1946–1949 phase of the Chinese Civil War, the Communist Party defeated the nationalist Kuomintang in mainland China and established the People's Republic of China in Beijing on 1 October 1949, while the Kuomintang relocated the ROC government to Taipei. The ROC's jurisdiction is now limited to Taiwan and several outlying islands, including Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, and it has received limited diplomatic recognition.

Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, China has become the world's fastest-growing major economy.

As of 2012, it is the world's second-largest economy, after the United States, by both nominal total GDP and purchasing power parity (PPP), and is also the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a recognized nuclear weapons state and has the world's largest standing army, with the second-largest defense budget. The PRC has been a United Nations member since 1971, when it replaced the ROC as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council. China is also a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations, including the WTO, APEC, BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the BCIM and the G-20. China has been characterized as a potential superpower by a number of academics, military analysts, and public policy and economics analysts.

 

Face value | Family number | English name | Scientific name

1897.01
  16.08.1897
  Definitives
  "IMPERIAL CHINESE POST"

1$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

2$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis
    = 1$

5$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis
    = 1$

1898.01
  28.01.1898
  Definitives
  "CHINESE IMPERIAL POST"
  1897.01

1$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

2$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

5$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

1902.01
  Definitives
  No wmk
  1898.01

5$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

1906.01
  Definitives
  No wmk
  1898.01

1$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

2$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

1912.01
  Overprint with Chinese characters on 1902.01, 1906.01

1$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

2$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

5$
    14
    Taiga Bean Goose    Anser fabalis

1949.01
  02.05.1949
  Definitives

1$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

2$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus
    = 1$

5$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus
    = 1$

10$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus
    = 1$

1950.01
  31.08.1950
  Surcharge on 1949.01

50$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

100$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

100$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

200$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

200$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

400$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

400$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

400$
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

1958.01
  10.07.1958
  Postal administrations conference

4f
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

8f
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

1962.01
  10.06.1962
  Chen Chi-fo, The Sacred Crane

8f
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

10f
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

20f
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

1979.01
  25.01.1979
  Golden Pheasant

4f
    11
    Golden Pheasant    Chrysolophus pictus

8f
    11
    Golden Pheasant    Chrysolophus pictus

45f
    11
    Golden Pheasant    Chrysolophus pictus

1980.01
  20.05.1980
  Paintings of Qi Baishi

8f
    92
    Common Kingfisher    Alcedo atthis

1980.02
  08.10.1980
  UNESCO
  3v set

8f
    158
    Black-naped Oriole    Oriolus chinensis

1982.01
  31.07.1982
  Fan paintings

8f
    229
    Brambling    Fringilla montifringilla

8f
    Not identified    Not identified

70f
    229
    Japanese Grosbeak    Eophona personata

1982.02
  10.09.1982
  Birds

8f
    96
    Eurasian Hoopoe    Upupa epops

8f
    183
    Barn Swallow    Hirundo rustica

8f
    158
    Black-naped Oriole    Oriolus chinensis

20f
    177
    Japanese Tit    Parus minor

70f
    108
    Great Spotted Woodpecker    Dendrocopos major

1982.03
  10.09.1982
  Birds

2y
    152
    Ashy Minivet    Pericrocotus divaricatus
    MS

and
    216
    Oriental Magpie-Robin    Copsychus saularis

and
    216
    Daurian Redstart    Phoenicurus auroreus

and
    216
    Red-flanked Bluetail    Tarsiger cyanurus

and
    76
    Lesser Cuckoo    Cuculus poliocephalus

1983.01
  18.11.1983
  Swans

8f
    14
    Mute Swan    Cygnus olor
    One swan

8f
    14
    Mute Swan    Cygnus olor
    Two swans

10f
    14
    Tundra Swan    Cygnus columbianus

80f
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus

1983.02
  18.11.1983
  Swans
  Booklet
  1983.01

8f
    14
    Mute Swan    Cygnus olor
    ct, one swan

8f
    14
    Mute Swan    Cygnus olor
    cb, one swan

8f
    14
    Mute Swan    Cygnus olor
    ct, two swans

10f
    14
    Tundra Swan    Cygnus columbianus
    cb

80f
    14
    Whooper Swan    Cygnus cygnus
    cb

1984.01
  24.03.1984
  Painting by Zhou Fang
  3v set

10f
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

70f
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis
    = 10f

1984.02
  24.03.1984
  Painting by Zhou Fang
  1984.01

2y
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis
    MS

1984.03
  15.05.1984
  Japanese Crested Ibis

8f
    25
    Crested Ibis    Nipponia nippon

8f
    25
    Crested Ibis    Nipponia nippon

80f
    25
    Crested Ibis    Nipponia nippon

1984.04
  24.09.1984
  Youth friendship festival
  3v set

80f
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

1984.05
  01.10.1984
  35th anniversary of Peoples Republic

20f
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

1986.01
  22.05.1986
  Great White Crane

8f
    48
    Siberian Crane    Grus leucogeranus

10f
    48
    Siberian Crane    Grus leucogeranus

70f
    48
    Siberian Crane    Grus leucogeranus

1986.02
  22.05.1986
  Great White Crane

2y
    48
    Siberian Crane    Grus leucogeranus
    MS

1987.01
  20.03.1987
  Birds of prey

8f
    37
    Black Kite    Milvus migrans

8f
    37
    Steller's Sea Eagle    Haliaeetus pelagicus

10f
    37
    Himalayan Vulture    Gyps himalayensis

90f
    37
    Upland Buzzard    Buteo hemilasius

1989.01
  21.02.1989
  Brown Eared Pheasant

8f
    11
    Brown Eared Pheasant    Crossoptilon mantchuricum

50f
    11
    Brown Eared Pheasant    Crossoptilon mantchuricum

1989.02
  25.03.1989
  Silk painting

8f
    159
    Hair-crested Drongo    Dicrurus hottentottus

1989.03
  25.03.1989
  Silk painting
  1989.02

5y
    159
    Hair-crested Drongo    Dicrurus hottentottus
    imp

1991.01
  23.06.1991
  Antarctic treaty

20f
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

1992.01
  20.02.1992
  Storks

20f
    24
    Black Stork    Ciconia nigra

1.60y
    24
    Oriental Stork    Ciconia boyciana

1992.02
  29.09.1992
  Diplomatic relations with Japan
  2v set

20f
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

1994.01
  09.10.1994
  Cranes

20f
    48
    Whooping Crane    Grus americana

2y
    48
    Black-necked Crane    Grus nigricollis

1995.01
  18.02.1995
  Mount Dinghu
  4v set

2.30y
    11
    Silver Pheasant    Lophura nycthemera

1995.02
  22.03.1995
  Owls

10f
    78
    Eurasian Eagle-Owl    Bubo bubo

20f
    78
    Long-eared Owl    Asio otus

50f
    78
    Snowy Owl    Bubo scandiacus

1y
    77
    Eastern Grass Owl    Tyto longimembris

1997.01
  09.05.1997
  Pheasants

50f
    11
    Lady Amherst's Pheasant    Chrysolophus amherstiae

5.40y
    11
    Common Pheasant    Phasianus colchicus

1998.01
  06.06.1998
  Shennongjia Nature Reserve
  4v set

50f
    11
    Temminck's Tragopan    Tragopan temminckii

2000.01
  25.02.2000
  Protected wildlife
  10v sheet

30f
    25
    Crested Ibis    Nipponia nippon

1y
    11
    Brown Eared Pheasant    Crossoptilon mantchuricum

2.80y
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

2001.01
  16.03.2001
  Wildlife
  10v sheet

80f
    37
    Steller's Sea Eagle    Haliaeetus pelagicus

2002.01
  01.02.2002
  Chinese birds

80f
    11
    Cabot's Tragopan    Tragopan caboti

1y
    162
    Biddulph's Ground Jay    Podoces biddulphi

2y
    162
    Taiwan Blue Magpie    Urocissa caerulea

2002.02
  01.04.2002
  Chinese birds

4.20y
    216
    Przevalski's Redstart    Phoenicurus alaschanicus

5.40y
    234
    Tibetan Bunting    Emberiza koslowi

2002.03
  15.07.2002
  Antarctic landscape
  3v set

80f
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

2y
    18
    Snow Petrel    Pagodroma nivea

2002.04
  07.12.2002
  Chinese birds
  Booklet
  2002.01

80f
    11
    Cabot's Tragopan    Tragopan caboti

2004.01
  01.01.2004
  Chinese birds

5y
    177
    Yellow-bellied Tit    Periparus venustulus

6y
    209
    Yunnan Nuthatch    Sitta yunnanensis

2004.02
  13.04.2004
  Peafowl

80f
    11
    Indian Peafowl    Pavo cristatus
    White bird

80f
    11
    Indian Peafowl    Pavo cristatus

2004.03
  13.04.2004
  Peafowl

6y
    11
    Green Peafowl    Pavo muticus
    MS

2005.01
  30.07.2005
  Birds

80f
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

80f
    24
    Oriental Stork    Ciconia boyciana

80f
    14
    Common Shelduck    Tadorna tadorna

80f
    37
    Golden Eagle    Aquila chrysaetos

2006.01
  01.07.2006
  Qinghai - Tibet railway open to traffic
  3v set

80f
    48
    Black-necked Crane    Grus nigricollis

2006.02
  15.11.2006
  Birds definitives

40f
    11
    Chinese Monal    Lophophorus lhuysii

1.20y
    201
    Taiwan Yuhina    Yuhina brunneiceps

2008.01
  28.02.2008
  Birds
  Sheet

1.20y
    162
    Taiwan Blue Magpie    Urocissa caerulea

1.20y
    234
    Tibetan Bunting    Emberiza koslowi

1.20y
    11
    Cabot's Tragopan    Tragopan caboti

1.20y
    199
    Snowy-cheeked Laughingthrush    Garrulax sukatschewi

1.20y
    11
    Golden Pheasant    Chrysolophus pictus

1.20y
    162
    Biddulph's Ground Jay    Podoces biddulphi

2008.02
  23.09.2008
  Region stamps
  3v set

1.20y
    48
    Red-crowned Crane    Grus japonensis

2010.01
  13.09.2010
  Shangri-La
  4v set

1.20y
    48
    Black-necked Crane    Grus nigricollis

2011.01
  09.10.2011
  Greetings

1.20y
    199
    Chinese Hwamei    Garrulax canorus

2011.02
  09.10.2011
  Greetings
  2v sheet
  2011.01

1.20y
    199
    Chinese Hwamei    Garrulax canorus

2011.03
  21.10.2011
  Tianjin port

6y
    66
    Mew Gull    Larus canus
    MS

2012.01
  20.03.2012
  Joint issue with Israel
  2v set

1.20y
    170
    Bohemian Waxwing    Bombycilla garrulus

2012.02
  27.04.2012
  Symbols
  4v set

1.20y
    48
    Black-necked Crane    Grus nigricollis

 

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Philately has been considered as an "auxiliary science of history" because it is based on the general principles of other sciences, which in turn contribute to enrich it. It acquires knowledge of the sciences, of the arts, of languages and opens an immense road of social relations through all countries. This science broadens broad horizons of culture, discovers artistic temperaments and offers the interest of the new and the unknown, while performing a positive therapeutic wor.

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