Bird stamps from Chile.

Chile  is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

The northern desert contains great mineral wealth, principally copper. The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources, and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands, and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands.

Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern and central Chile was under Inca rule while independent Mapuche inhabited south-central Chile. Chile declared its independence from Spain on 12 February 1818. In the War of the Pacific (1879–83), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia and won its current northern territory. It was not until the 1880s that the Mapuche were completely subjugated. In 1973, General Augusto Pinochet overthrew Chilean President Salvador Allende and instituted a 16-year long military dictatorship (1973–1990) that left more than 3,000 people dead or missing.

Today, Chile is one of South America's most stable and prosperous nations,] a recognized middle power and an emerging economy. It leads Latin American nations in human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalization, state of peace, economic freedom, and low perception of corruption. It also ranks high regionally in sustainability of the state, and democratic development. In May 2010, Chile became the first South American nation to join the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.[18] Chile is a founding member of the United Nations, the Union of South American Nations and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States.
Fauna.
Chile's geographical isolation also has restricted the immigration of faunal life, so that only a few of the many distinctive South American animals are found. Among the larger mammals are the puma or cougar, the llama-like guanaco and the fox-like chilla. In the forest region, several types of marsupials and a small deer known as the pudu are found. There are many species of small birds, but most of the larger common Latin American types are absent. Few freshwater fish are native, but North American trout have been successfully introduced into the Andean lakes. Owing to the vicinity of the Humboldt Current, ocean waters abound with fish and other forms of marine life, which in turn support a rich variety of waterfowl, including several penguins. Whales are abundant, and some six species of seals are found in the area.

Fungi.
Just over 3,000 species of fungi are recorded in Chile, but this number is far from complete. The true total number of fungal species occurring in Chile is likely to be far higher, given the generally accepted estimate that only about 7 percent of all fungi worldwide have so far been discovered.[79] Although the amount of available information is still very small, a first effort has been made to estimate the number of fungal species endemic to Chile, and 1995 species have been tentatively identified as possible endemics of the country.

Flora.
The northernmost coastal and central region is largely barren of vegetation, approaching the most closely an absolute desert in the world. On the slopes of the Andes, besides the scattered tola desert brush, grasses are found. The central valley is characterized by several species of cacti, the hardy espinos, the Chilean pine, the southern beeches and the copihue, a red bell-shaped flower that is Chile's national flower.
In southern Chile, south of the Biobío River, heavy precipitation has produced dense forests of laurels, magnolias, and various species of conifers and beeches, which become smaller and more stunted to the south.  The cold temperatures and winds of the extreme south preclude heavy forestation. Grassland is found in Atlantic Chile (in Patagonia). Much of the Chilean flora is distinct from that of neighboring Argentina, indicating that the Andean barrier existed during its formation.

 

Face value | Family number | English name | Scientific name

1931.01
  01.05.1931
  Air

5c
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

10c
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus
    = 5c

20c
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus
    = 5c

1940.01
  Surcharge on 1931.01

80c
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

1948.01
  06.12.1948
  Chilean flora and fauna
  25v sheet

60c
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

60c
    14
    Torrent Duck    Merganetta armata

60c
    38
    Southern Crested Caracara    Caracara plancus

60c
    46
    Red-gartered Coot    Fulica armillata

60c
    70
    Chilean Pigeon    Patagioenas araucana

1948.02
  06.12.1948
  Chilean flora and fauna
  25v sheet
  1948.01

2.60p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

2.60p
    14
    Torrent Duck    Merganetta armata

2.60p
    38
    Southern Crested Caracara    Caracara plancus

2.60p
    46
    Red-gartered Coot    Fulica armillata

2.60p
    70
    Chilean Pigeon    Patagioenas araucana

1948.03
  06.12.1948
  Chilean flora and fauna
  25v sheet
  1948.01

3p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

3p
    14
    Torrent Duck    Merganetta armata

3p
    38
    Southern Crested Caracara    Caracara plancus

3p
    46
    Red-gartered Coot    Fulica armillata

3p
    70
    Chilean Pigeon    Patagioenas araucana

1976.01
  11.09.1976
  3rd anniversary of Military Junta
  3v strip

2p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

1980.01
  11.09.1980
  7th anniversary of Military Government

3.50p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

1981.01
  28.01.1981
  Tourism
  3v set

10.50p
    16
    Gentoo Penguin    Pygoscelis papua

1984.01
  18.06.1984
  Chilean Antarctic
  3v set

15p
    16
    Chinstrap Penguin    Pygoscelis antarcticus

1984.02
  11.07.1984
  Regionalization
  15v sheet

9p
    16
    Chinstrap Penguin    Pygoscelis antarcticus

1985.01
  21.01.1985
  Flora and fauna
  12v sheet

10p
    57
    White-backed Stilt    Himantopus melanurus

10p
    73
    Burrowing Parrot    Cyanoliseus patagonus

10p
    235
    Common Diuca Finch    Diuca diuca

10p
    78
    Austral Pygmy Owl    Glaucidium nana

1985.02
  09.08.1985
  Endangered animals
  4v sheet

20p
    22
    James's Flamingo    Phoenicoparrus jamesi

20p
    46
    Giant Coot    Fulica gigantea

1986.01
  16.07.1986
  Antarctic fauna

40p
    66
    Antarctic Tern    Sterna vittata

40p
    32
    Antarctic Shag    Leucocarbo bransfieldensis

40p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

40p
    67
    Brown Skua    Stercorarius antarcticus

1987.01
  30.07.1987
  Flora and fauna
  16v sheet

25p
    64
    Sanderling    Calidris alba

25p
    36
    Western Osprey    Pandion haliaetus

25p
    86
    Juan Fernandez Firecrown    Sephanoides fernandensis

25p
    3
    Lesser Rhea    Rhea pennata

1989.01
  29.05.1989
  Chilean Antarctic Institute

150p
    16
    Chinstrap Penguin    Pygoscelis antarcticus

1989.02
  25.08.1989
  Expo '89

250p
    16
    Gentoo Penguin    Pygoscelis papua

1989.03
  25.08.1989
  Expo '89
  1989.02

250p
    16
    Gentoo Penguin    Pygoscelis papua
    MS

1990.01
  25.01.1990
  National parks
  16v sheet

35p
    22
    Chilean Flamingo    Phoenicopterus chilensis

35p
    232
    Long-tailed Meadowlark    Sturnella loyca

35p
    66
    Sooty Tern    Onychoprion fuscatus

35p
    14
    Torrent Duck    Merganetta armata

35p
    3
    Lesser Rhea    Rhea pennata

35p
    14
    Black-necked Swan    Cygnus melancoryphus

1990.02
  12.10.1990
  America
  2v set

30p
    22
    Chilean Flamingo    Phoenicopterus chilensis

1990.03
  06.11.1990
  Chilean Antarctic
  Strip

250p
    67
    Brown Skua    Stercorarius antarcticus

250p
    16
    Adelie Penguin    Pygoscelis adeliae

1990.04
  06.11.1990
  Chilean Antarctic
  Sheet
  1990.03

250p
    67
    Brown Skua    Stercorarius antarcticus

250p
    16
    Adelie Penguin    Pygoscelis adeliae

1991.01
  07.10.1991
  Antarctic treaty
  2v strip

80p
    16
    Chinstrap Penguin    Pygoscelis antarcticus

and
    17
    Black-browed Albatross    Thalassarche melanophris

and
    67
    South Polar Skua    Stercorarius maccormicki

1992.01
  28.09.1992
  Emperor Penguin
  p 13¼x13½

200p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

250p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

1992.02
  28.09.1992
  Emperor Penguin
  Sheet, p 13½x13¼
  1992.01

200p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

250p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

1993.01
  12.10.1993
  America
  2v set

150p
    73
    Burrowing Parrot    Cyanoliseus patagonus

1993.02
  03.12.1993
  Chilean Antarctic

200p
    16
    Adelie Penguin    Pygoscelis adeliae

250p
    16
    Adelie Penguin    Pygoscelis adeliae

1993.03
  03.12.1993
  Chilean Antarctic
  Sheet
  1993.02

200p
    16
    Adelie Penguin    Pygoscelis adeliae

250p
    16
    Adelie Penguin    Pygoscelis adeliae

1994.01
  31.05.1994
  Chilean Antarctic Institute anniversary
  2v strip

300p
    16
    Gentoo Penguin    Pygoscelis papua

1995.01
  22.11.1995
  Chilean Antarctic

100p
    16
    Macaroni Penguin    Eudyptes chrysolophus

250p
    16
    Macaroni Penguin    Eudyptes chrysolophus

1995.02
  22.11.1995
  Chilean Antarctic
  Sheet
  1995.01

100p
    16
    Macaroni Penguin    Eudyptes chrysolophus

250p
    16
    Macaroni Penguin    Eudyptes chrysolophus

1996.01
  09.09.1996
  Chilean Antarctic

250p
    16
    King Penguin    Aptenodytes patagonicus

300p
    16
    King Penguin    Aptenodytes patagonicus

1996.02
  09.09.1996
  Chilean Antarctic
  Sheet
  1996.01

250p
    16
    King Penguin    Aptenodytes patagonicus

300p
    16
    King Penguin    Aptenodytes patagonicus

1996.03
  18.11.1996
  Cities
  2v set

150p
    22
    Chilean Flamingo    Phoenicopterus chilensis

1998.01
  22.07.1998
  Antarctic research

250p
    16
    Chinstrap Penguin    Pygoscelis antarcticus

350p
    16
    Gentoo Penguin    Pygoscelis papua

1998.02
  29.11.1998
  Chilean birds

10p
    234
    Rufous-collared Sparrow    Zonotrichia capensis
    "1998"

20p
    232
    Austral Blackbird    Curaeus curaeus
    "1998"

1999.01
  15.06.1999
  Chilean Antarctic

360p
    32
    Antarctic Shag    Leucocarbo bransfieldensis

450p
    16
    Chinstrap Penguin    Pygoscelis antarcticus

and
    32
    Antarctic Shag    Leucocarbo bransfieldensis

1999.02
  15.06.1999
  Chilean Antarctic

1500p
    16
    Chinstrap Penguin    Pygoscelis antarcticus
    MS

1999.03
  16.07.1999
  Alexander von Humboldt
  2v set

360p
    16
    Humboldt Penguin    Spheniscus humboldti

2000.01
  Chilean birds
  1998.02

10p
    234
    Rufous-collared Sparrow    Zonotrichia capensis
    "2000"

20p
    232
    Austral Blackbird    Curaeus curaeus
    "2000"

2000.02
  29.02.2000
  Juan Fernandez
  8v sheet

360p
    86
    Juan Fernandez Firecrown    Sephanoides fernandensis

2000.03
  01.04.2000
  Chilean birds

50p
    108
    Magellanic Woodpecker    Campephilus magellanicus
    "2000"

100p
    38
    Peregrine Falcon    Falco peregrinus
    "2000"

2000.04
  10.07.2000
  Discovery of Brazil anniversary

1500p
    73
    Scarlet Macaw    Ara macao
    MS

2000.05
  15.09.2000
  Chilean Antarctic
  3v set

450p
    16
    Magellanic Penguin    Spheniscus magellanicus

2001.01
  13.01.2001
  National Zoo anniversary
  4v sheet

160p
    2
    Common Ostrich    Struthio camelus

160p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

2001.02
  29.01.2001
  Chilean birds

160p
    73
    Slender-billed Parakeet    Enicognathus leptorhynchus

160p
    117
    Moustached Turca    Pteroptochos megapodius

160p
    212
    Chilean Mockingbird    Mimus thenca

160p
    86
    Juan Fernandez Firecrown    Sephanoides fernandensis

2001.03
  25.06.2001
  Easter Island
  2v strip

260p
    66
    Kelp Gull    Larus dominicanus

2001.04
  29.08.2001
  Chilean Antarctic

350p
    16
    Macaroni Penguin    Eudyptes chrysolophus

and
    16
    Adelie Penguin    Pygoscelis adeliae

700p
    18
    Southern Giant Petrel    Macronectes giganteus

2001.05
  29.08.2001
  Chilean Antarctic

2000p
    52
    Snowy Sheathbill    Chionis albus
    MS

and
    16
    Adelie Penguin    Pygoscelis adeliae

2002.01
  25.01.2002
  Chilean birds

10p
    215
    Austral Thrush    Turdus falcklandii

20p
    232
    Long-tailed Meadowlark    Sturnella loyca

2002.02
  09.02.2002
  Valdivia 450th anniversary

260p
    14
    Black-necked Swan    Cygnus melancoryphus

2002.03
  01.07.2002
  Easter Island
  2v set

450p
    235
    Common Diuca Finch    Diuca diuca

2002.04
  01.07.2002
  Easter Island
  2002.03

2000p
    235
    Common Diuca Finch    Diuca diuca
    MS

2002.05
  22.10.2002
  CITES
  2v set

300p
    22
    Andean Flamingo    Phoenicoparrus andinus

2003.01
  15.01.2003
  Chilean birds
  2000.03

500p
    108
    Magellanic Woodpecker    Campephilus magellanicus
    "2003"

1000p
    38
    Peregrine Falcon    Falco peregrinus
    "2003"

2003.02
  12.10.2003
  Upaep
  2v set

300p
    73
    Burrowing Parrot    Cyanoliseus patagonus

2004.01
  22.04.2004
  Cristo Redentor

200p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

2004.02
  27.09.2004
  Upaep
  2v set

600p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

2005.01
  13.05.2005
  Juan Pablo II
  3v set

230p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

2005.02
  30.06.2005
  Rotary anniversary

230p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

2005.03
  22.10.2005
  ExpoAustral 2005

390p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

2006.01
  19.05.2006
  Tourism
  5v set

230p
    16
    Gentoo Penguin    Pygoscelis papua

2006.02
  25.10.2006
  Antarctica, joint issue with Estonia
  2v set

500p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

2007.01
  09.05.2007
  Tourism
  5v set

390p
    16
    Emperor Penguin    Aptenodytes forsteri

2008.01
  29.01.2008
  Polar year
  6v sheet

250p
    16
    Adelie Penguin    Pygoscelis adeliae

and
    16
    Gentoo Penguin    Pygoscelis papua

2008.02
  21.11.2008
  Torres del Paine national park
  6v sheet

500p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

500p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

2009.01
  15.07.2009
  Protected birds

10p
    34
    Andean Condor    Vultur gryphus

20p
    73
    Burrowing Parrot    Cyanoliseus patagonus

50p
    22
    Chilean Flamingo    Phoenicopterus chilensis

100p
    16
    Humboldt Penguin    Spheniscus humboldti

500p
    14
    Black-necked Swan    Cygnus melancoryphus

2010.01
  04.05.2010
  Antarctic airbase anniversary
  6v sheet

500p
    16
    Gentoo Penguin    Pygoscelis papua

 

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Philately has been considered as an "auxiliary science of history" because it is based on the general principles of other sciences, which in turn contribute to enrich it. It acquires knowledge of the sciences, of the arts, of languages and opens an immense road of social relations through all countries. This science broadens broad horizons of culture, discovers artistic temperaments and offers the interest of the new and the unknown, while performing a positive therapeutic wor.

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