Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.
It is made up of more than 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Celebes, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the fourteenth largest country, with an area of 1,904,569 square kilometers (735,354.8 mi²).
With more than 280 million inhabitants, Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country and the country with the largest Muslim-majority population. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.
The archipelago's size, tropical climate, and geography make Indonesia the third most biodiverse country in the world (after Brazil and Peru), and its flora and fauna are a mix of species from Asia and Australasia.
Once linked to the Asian mainland, the islands of Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Bali are home to a wide variety of Asian fauna. Large species such as tigers, rhinos, orangutans, elephants, and leopards were once abundant as far east as Bali, but their numbers and distribution have declined dramatically. Forests cover approximately 60% of the country.
In Sumatra and Kalimantan, Asian plant species predominate. However, the smaller, more densely populated forests on Java have been largely destroyed by human activities. For a long time, the islands of Celebes, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku were separated from the mainland and have thus developed their own unique endemic flora and fauna. Papua was part of the Australian landmass and is home to flora and fauna closely related to those of Australia.
Only Australia surpasses Indonesia in the degree of species endemism, with 26% of the country's 1,531 bird species and 39% of its 515 mammal species endemic. Indonesia's 54,716 kilometers of coastline[1] are surrounded by tropical seas that contribute to the country's high level of biodiversity. Indonesia has a wide range of marine ecosystems, including beaches, dunes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass fields, tidal flats, marshes, and small island ecosystems. British naturalist Alfred Wallace described a dividing line between the distribution and coexistence of Asian and Australasian species in Indonesia.
An imaginary line known as Wallace's Line runs north to south along the edge of the Sunda Shelf between Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and along the deep Lombok Strait between the islands of Lombok and Bali. West of the line, the flora and fauna are more Asian; as you move eastward from Lombok, there are increasingly more Australian species. In his 1869 book, *The Malay Archipelago*, Wallace described numerous species unique to the area. The island region between the line and New Guinea is now called Wallacea.
Face value | Family number | English name | Scientific name
1963.01
01.05.1963
Acquisition of West Irian
3v set
6r
172
Greater Bird-of-paradise Paradisaea apoda
1965.01
25.01.1965
Social day
4r
164
Malaysian Pied Fantail Rhipidura javanica
6r
27
Zebra Dove Geopelia striata
12r
163
Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus
20r
162
Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis
30r
234
Java Sparrow Padda oryzivora
1980.01
25.11.1980
Parrots
75r
108
Pesquet's Parrot Psittrichas fulgidus
100r
108
Chattering Lory Lorius garrulus
200r
108
Coconut Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus
1980.02
25.11.1980
Parrots
Sheet
1980.01
250r
108
Coconut Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus
350r
108
Pesquet's Parrot Psittrichas fulgidus
400r
108
Chattering Lory Lorius garrulus
1981.01
10.12.1981
Cockatoos
75r
106
Salmon-crested Cockatoo Cacatua moluccensis
100r
106
Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita
200r
106
Palm Cockatoo Probosciger aterrimus
1981.02
10.12.1981
Cockatoos
Sheet
1981.01
150r
106
Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita
350r
106
Palm Cockatoo Probosciger aterrimus
1982.01
11.10.1982
World national parks congress, Bali
100r
224
Bali Myna Leucopsar rothschildi
250r
172
King Bird-of-paradise Cicinnurus regius
1982.02
11.10.1982
World national parks congress, Bali
1982.01
500r
224
Bali Myna Leucopsar rothschildi
MS
1982.03
20.12.1982
Birds of Paradise
100r
172
Western Parotia Parotia sefilata
150r
172
Twelve-wired Bird-of-paradise Seleucidis melanoleucus
250r
172
Red Bird-of-paradise Paradisaea rubra
1982.04
20.12.1982
Birds of Paradise
Sheet
1982.03
200r
172
Western Parotia Parotia sefilata
300r
172
Red Bird-of-paradise Paradisaea rubra
1983.01
30.11.1983
Birds of Paradise
110r
172
Wilson's Bird-of-paradise Diphyllodes respublica
175r
172
Black Sicklebill Epimachus fastosus
275r
172
Black-billed Sicklebill Drepanornis albertisi
500r
172
Black-billed Sicklebill Drepanornis albertisi
= 275r
1983.02
30.11.1983
Birds of Paradise
1983.01
500r
172
Black-billed Sicklebill Drepanornis albertisi
MS
1984.01
15.10.1984
Birds
75r
130
Yellow-breasted Bowerbird Chlamydera lauterbachi
110r
130
Masked Bowerbird Sericulus aureus
275r
172
Arfak Astrapia Astrapia nigra
325r
172
Crescent-caped Lophorina Lophorina niedda
1984.02
15.10.1984
Philakorea 84
Sheet
1984.01
75r
130
Yellow-breasted Bowerbird Chlamydera lauterbachi
325r
172
Crescent-caped Lophorina Lophorina niedda
1992.01
01.07.1992
Birds
100r
210
White-crested Laughingthrush Garrulax leucolophus
200r
102
Common Flameback Dinopium javanense
400r
87
Rhinoceros Hornbill Buceros rhinoceros
500r
108
Moluccan King Parrot Alisterus amboinensis
1992.02
01.07.1992
Birds
1992.01
3000r
210
White-crested Laughingthrush Garrulax leucolophus
MS
1993.01
05.06.1993
Environmental protection
6v set
700r
78
Javan Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus bartelsi
1993.02
05.11.1993
Flora and fauna day
4v sheet
300r
227
Rufous-tailed Shama Copsychus pyrropygus
300r
224
Nias Hill Myna Gracula robusta
1994.01
05.11.1994
Flora and fauna day
10v sheet
150r
13
Great Argus Argusianus argus
150r
108
Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot Loriculus galgulus
150r
133
Helmeted Friarbird Philemon buceroides
150r
108
Moluccan King Parrot Alisterus amboinensis
150r
172
Twelve-wired Bird-of-paradise Seleucidis melanoleucus
1994.02
05.11.1994
Flora and fauna day
1994.01
3500r
133
Helmeted Friarbird Philemon buceroides
MS
1995.01
21.08.1995
Primera '95
1994.02
3500r
133
Helmeted Friarbird Philemon buceroides
MS
1995.02
05.11.1995
Flora and fauna day
10v sheet
150r
9
Maleo Macrocephalon maleo
150r
13
Bornean Peacock-Pheasant Polyplectron schleiermacheri
1996.01
05.11.1996
Flora and fauna day
10v sheet
300r
87
Knobbed Hornbill Rhyticeros cassidix
300r
162
Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis
300r
224
Bali Myna Leucopsar rothschildi
1996.02
05.11.1996
Flora and fauna day
1996.01
1250r
224
Bali Myna Leucopsar rothschildi
MS
1996.03
14.12.1996
Aseanpex '96
1996.01
2000r
87
Knobbed Hornbill Rhyticeros cassidix
MS
1997.01
29.03.1997
Anniversary, stamp on stamp
1994.01
700r
133
Helmeted Friarbird Philemon buceroides
1997.02
29.05.1997
Pacific `97
1996.01
2000r
162
Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis
MS
1997.03
05.11.1997
Flora and fauna day
10v sheet
300r
78
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus
300r
87
Helmeted Hornbill Rhinoplax vigil
1997.04
05.11.1997
Flora and fauna day
2v sheet
1997.03
1250r
78
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus
1998.01
08.10.1998
Philacept '98
5000r
90
Javan Kingfisher Halcyon cyanoventris
MS
35000r
43
Javan Lapwing Vanellus macropterus †
MS
1998.02
19.10.1998
Indonesian ducks
Sheet
4000r
7
Magpie Goose Anseranas semipalmata
5000r
8
Spotted Whistling Duck Dendrocygna guttata
10000r
8
Salvadori's Teal Salvadorina waigiuensis
15000r
8
Radjah Shelduck Radjah radjah
20000r
8
White-winged Duck Asarcornis scutulata
1998.03
05.11.1998
Flora and fauna day
10v sheet
500r
27
Zebra Dove Geopelia striata
500r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
1998.04
01.12.1998
Indonesian ducks
250r
8
Hardhead Aythya australis
500r
8
Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa
700r
8
Sunda Teal Anas gibberifrons
1000r
8
Cotton Pygmy Goose Nettapus coromandelianus
1500r
8
Green Pygmy Goose Nettapus pulchellus
2500r
8
Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica
3500r
8
Wandering Whistling Duck Dendrocygna arcuata
1998.05
01.12.1998
Indonesian ducks
1998.04
5000r
8
Hardhead Aythya australis
MS
1999.01
05.11.1999
Domestic animals
6v set
1000r
27
Rock Dove Columba livia
1999.02
05.11.1999
Domestic animals
6v sheet
1999.01
1000r
27
Rock Dove Columba livia
2000.01
05.06.2000
Environmental care
3v set
500r
66
Red-footed Booby Sula sula
2000.02
27.09.2000
Indonesian ducks
1998.04
800r
8
Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocygna javanica
900r
8
Hardhead Aythya australis
2003.01
27.10.2003
Greetings
5v set
1500r
224
Bali Myna Leucopsar rothschildi
2004.01
05.06.2004
Environmental care
2v strip
1500r
52
White Tern Gygis alba
2004.02
05.06.2004
Environmental care
2v sheet
2004.01
2500r
52
White Tern Gygis alba
2005.01
05.06.2005
Save mangrove forests
2v strip
1500r
64
Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea
"1/2"
2005.02
05.06.2005
Save mangrove forests
2v sheet
2005.01
1500r
64
Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea
2006.01
06.11.2006
New and rediscovered
4v set
1500r
133
Wattled Smoky Honeyeater Melipotes carolae
1500r
130
Golden-fronted Bowerbird Amblyornis flavifrons
2006.02
06.11.2006
New and rediscovered
2v sheet
2006.01
2500r
130
Golden-fronted Bowerbird Amblyornis flavifrons
2008.01
07.03.2008
Taipei 2008
2v sheet
5000r
4
Southern Cassowary Casuarius casuarius
2008.02
23.10.2008
Jakarta 2008
5000r
78
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus
MS
2008.03
05.11.2008
Flora and fauna
11v sheet
Click on thumbnail to launch image in popup 
2500r
224
Bali Myna Leucopsar rothschildi
2500r
162
Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis
2500r
87
Helmeted Hornbill Rhinoplax vigil
2500r
108
Moluccan King Parrot Alisterus amboinensis
2500r
227
Rufous-tailed Shama Copsychus pyrropygus
2500r
172
Twelve-wired Bird-of-paradise Seleucidis melanoleucus
2500r
108
Blue-crowned Hanging Parrot Loriculus galgulus
2500r
30
Snoring Rail Aramidopsis plateni
2500r
13
Great Argus Argusianus argus
2009.01
15.07.2009
Indonesian birds
Sheet
2500r
87
Wrinkled Hornbill Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus
2500r
83
Red-naped Trogon Harpactes kasumba
2500r
90
Rufous-collared Kingfisher Actenoides concretus
2500r
8
White-winged Duck Asarcornis scutulata
2500r
13
Great Argus Argusianus argus
2500r
64
Storm's Stork Ciconia stormi
2009.02
28.10.2009
Jipex 2009
Sheet
2009.01
2500r
87
Wrinkled Hornbill Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus
2500r
83
Red-naped Trogon Harpactes kasumba
2500r
90
Rufous-collared Kingfisher Actenoides concretus
2500r
8
White-winged Duck Asarcornis scutulata
2500r
13
Great Argus Argusianus argus
2500r
64
Storm's Stork Ciconia stormi
2009.03
05.11.2009
Flora and fauna
11v sheet
2500r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
2500r
13
Bornean Peacock-Pheasant Polyplectron schleiermacheri
2500r
172
Red Bird-of-paradise Paradisaea rubra
2500r
9
Maleo Macrocephalon maleo
2010.01
05.06.2010
Environmental care
3v set
1500r
78
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus
2010.02
05.11.2010
Flora and fauna
11v set from 4 sheets
1000r
78
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus
1000r
27
Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis
1500r
224
Nias Hill Myna Gracula robusta
2500r
87
Knobbed Hornbill Rhyticeros cassidix
2500r
172
Standardwing Semioptera wallacii
2010.03
05.11.2010
Flora and fauna
11v sheet
2010.02
1000r
78
Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus
1000r
27
Zebra Dove Geopelia striata
1500r
224
Nias Hill Myna Gracula robusta
2500r
87
Knobbed Hornbill Rhyticeros cassidix
2500r
172
Standardwing Semioptera wallacii
2011.01
08.08.2011
Joint issue with Malaysia
8v sheet
2500r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
2500r
13
Green Junglefowl Gallus varius
2011.02
08.08.2011
Joint issue with Malaysia
4x4v sheet
2011.01
2500r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
2011.03
08.08.2011
Joint issue with Malaysia
4x4v sheet
2011.01
2500r
13
Green Junglefowl Gallus varius
2012.01
15.07.2012
Threatened bird species
6x4v sheet
2500r
80
Siau Scops Owl Otus siaoensis
2500r
78
Flores Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus floris
2500r
231
Elegant Sunbird Aethopyga duyvenbodei
2500r
30
Invisible Rail Habroptila wallacii
2012.02
15.07.2012
Threatened bird species
Sheet
2012.01
2500r
80
Siau Scops Owl Otus siaoensis
2500r
78
Flores Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus floris
2500r
231
Elegant Sunbird Aethopyga duyvenbodei
2500r
30
Invisible Rail Habroptila wallacii
2013.01
01.05.2013
West Irian
3v set
2500r
172
Lesser Bird-of-paradise Paradisaea minor
2013.02
02.08.2013
Thailand 2013
10000r
172
Raggiana Bird-of-paradise Paradisaea raggiana
MS
2014.01
05.06.2014
Environment day
2v set
3000r
64
Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus
2014.02
05.06.2014
Environment day
2v sheet
2014.01
5000r
64
Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus
2014.03
15.07.2014
Waterbirds
5000r
64
Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea
5000r
43
Javan Plover Anarhynchus javanicus
5000r
30
Blue-faced Rail Gymnocrex rosenbergii
5000r
69
White-shouldered Ibis Pseudibis davisoni
2014.04
15.07.2014
Waterbirds
Sheet
2014.03
5000r
64
Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea
5000r
43
Javan Plover Anarhynchus javanicus
5000r
30
Blue-faced Rail Gymnocrex rosenbergii
5000r
69
White-shouldered Ibis Pseudibis davisoni
2014.05
05.10.2014
National armed force anniversary
3v set
3000r
78
Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus
2015.01
05.11.2015
Flora and fauna
2v set
3000r
224
Nias Hill Myna Gracula robusta
2015.02
05.11.2015
Flora and fauna
2015.01
5000r
224
Nias Hill Myna Gracula robusta
MS
2016.01
21.10.2016
Philataipei
10000r
13
Green Peafowl Pavo muticus
MS
2017.01
21.01.2017
Year of the Rooster
3000r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
3000r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
3000r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
2017.02
21.01.2017
Year of the Rooster
Sheet with 2 sets
2017.01
3000r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
3000r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
3000r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
2017.03
21.01.2017
Year of the Rooster
10000r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
MS
2018.01
05.06.2018
Environment day
2v set
3000r
30
White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus
2018.02
05.11.2018
Flora and fauna
6v set
3000r
87
Knobbed Hornbill Rhyticeros cassidix
2018.03
05.11.2018
Flora and fauna
10000r
87
Knobbed Hornbill Rhyticeros cassidix
MS
2019.01
17.10.2019
Philatelic exhibition Makassar
2018.03
10000r
87
Knobbed Hornbill Rhyticeros cassidix
MS
2019.02
05.11.2019
Flora and fauna
6v set
3000r
133
Rote Myzomela Myzomela irianawidodoae
2020.01
15.09.2020
Diplomatic relations with Colombia
4v sheet
5000r
172
Lesser Bird-of-paradise Paradisaea minor
5000r
256
Multicolored Tanager Chlorochrysa nitidissima
2023.01
25.07.2023
World scout jamboree
2v set
3500r
78
Javan Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus bartelsi
2024.01
06.07.2024
Jakarta 2024 Asian philiatelic exhibition
Sheet
15000r
78
Javan Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus bartelsi
15000r
224
Bali Myna Leucopsar rothschildi
2024.02
27.09.2024
NFT stamp, Bird of Paradise
Folder, sa
150000r
172
Queen Carola's Parotia Parotia carolae
2024.03
29.11.2024
China 2024 - Asian international stamp exhibition
Sheet
12500r
8
Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata
12500r
8
Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata
12500r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
12500r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
2024.04
29.11.2024
China 2024 - Asian international stamp exhibition
Sheet, sa
20000r
8
Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata
20000r
13
Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus
Philately has been considered as an "auxiliary science of history" because it is based on the general principles of other sciences, which in turn contribute to enrich it. It acquires knowledge of the sciences, of the arts, of languages and opens an immense road of social relations through all countries. This science broadens broad horizons of culture, discovers artistic temperaments and offers the interest of the new and the unknown, while performing a positive therapeutic wor.
