Bird stamps from Bosnia Herzegovina (Rep Srpska).

Bosnia and Herzegovina sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina, or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula.

Its capital and largest city is Sarajevo. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the 20 kilometres (12 miles) of coastline on the Adriatic Sea surrounding the town of Neum.

In the central and southern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and the northeast is predominantly flatland. The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate, bookended by hot summers and cold and snowy winters. The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a region that traces permanent human settlement back to the Neolithic age. Culturally, politically and socially, the country has one of the richest histories in the region, having been first settled by the Slavic peoples that populate the area today from the 6th through to the 9th centuries AD.

They then established the first independent banate in the region, known as the Banate of Bosnia, in the early 12th century upon the arrival and convergence of peoples that would eventually come to call themselves Dobri Bošnjani ("Good Bosnians"). This evolved into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the 14th century, after which it was annexed into the Ottoman Empire, under whose rule it would remain from the mid 15th to the late 19th centuries.

The Ottomans brought Islam to the region, and altered much of the cultural and social outlook of the country. This was followed by annexation into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which lasted up until World War I. Following the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the country proclaimed independence in 1992, which was followed by a bloody war, lasting until late 1995.

Today, the country maintains high literacy, life expectancy and education levels and is one of the most frequently-visited countries in the region.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is regionally and internationally renowned for its natural beauty and cultural heritage inherited from six historical civilizations, its cuisine, winter sports, its eclectic and unique architecture and the Sarajevo Film Festival and Sarajevo Jazz Festival, both the largest and most prominent of their kind in Southeastern Europe.

The country is home to three ethnic groups or, officially, constituent peoples, a term unique for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosniaks are the largest group of the three, with Serbs second and Croats third. Regardless of ethnicity, a citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina is often identified in English as a Bosnian.

The terms Herzegovinian and Bosnian are maintained as a regional rather than ethnic distinction, and the region of Herzegovina has no precisely defined borders of its own. Moreover, the country was simply called "Bosnia" (without Herzegovina) until the Austro-Hungarian occupation at the end of the nineteenth century.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and a three-member Presidency composed of a member of each major ethnic group. However, the central government's power is highly limited, as the country is largely decentralized and comprises two autonomous entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, with a third region, the Brčko District, governed under local government.

The country is a potential candidate for membership to the European Union and has been a candidate for NATO membership since April 2010, when it received a Membership Action Plan at the summit in Tallinn. Additionally, the country has been a member of the Council of Europe since April 2002 and a founding member of the Mediterranean Union upon its establishment in July 2008.

  Face value | Family number | English name | Scientific name 

1996.01

01.03.1996

Flora and fauna

4v set

1.20d

181

Horned Lark    Eremophila alpestris

2000.01

12.04.2000

Bridges

1m	36	Western Osprey    Pandion haliaetus
1m	18	Yelkouan Shearwater    Puffinus yelkouan
and	31	Northern Gannet    Morus bassanus
and	14	Mallard    Anas platyrhynchos
1m	36	Western Osprey    Pandion haliaetus
1m	36	Western Osprey    Pandion haliaetus

2000.02

06.09.2000

Olympic Games, Sydney

2m

5

Emu    Dromaius novaehollandiae

MS

2004.01

27.08.2004

European nature protection

2v strip

1m

213

Common Rock Thrush    Monticola saxatilis

2005.01

25.11.2005

Birds

0.50m	46	Corn Crake    Crex crex
1m	25	Eurasian Spoonbill    Platalea leucorodia

2006.01

19.09.2006

Fauna

2v set

0.50m

11

Western Capercaillie    Tetrao urogallus

2008.01

01.07.2008

150 years evolution theory

1.50m	232	Small Tree Finch    Camarhynchus parvulus
and	232	Large Ground Finch    Geospiza magnirostris
and	232	Medium Ground Finch    Geospiza fortis
and	232	Green Warbler-Finch    Certhidea olivacea

2008.02

12.08.2008

European nature protection

1m	24	White Stork    Ciconia ciconia
1m	78	Tawny Owl    Strix aluco

2011.01

06.04.2011

Europa

1m	108	Middle Spotted Woodpecker    Dendrocopos medius
2m	78	Ural Owl    Strix uralensis

2011.02

06.04.2011

Europa

Booklet

2011.01

Click on thumbnail to launch image in popup

1m	108	Middle Spotted Woodpecker    Dendrocopos medius	ct
1m	108	Middle Spotted Woodpecker    Dendrocopos medius	cb
1m	108	Middle Spotted Woodpecker    Dendrocopos medius	cbr
2m	78	Ural Owl    Strix uralensis	ct
2m	78	Ural Owl    Strix uralensis	cb
2m	78	Ural Owl    Strix uralensis	ctr

2011.03

10.05.2011

Birds of Bardaca

0.90m	14	Common Pochard    Aythya ferina
0.90m	92	Common Kingfisher    Alcedo atthis
0.90m	14	Mute Swan    Cygnus olor
0.90m	21	Black-necked Grebe    Podiceps nigricollis

2011.04

15.09.2011

Buzzard and Goshawk

0.90m	37	Common Buzzard    Buteo buteo
1.50m	37	Northern Goshawk    Accipiter gentilis

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